Struct Figment 

pub struct Figment { /* private fields */ }

Combiner of Providers for configuration value extraction.

Overview

A Figment combines providers by merging or joining their provided data. The combined value or a subset of the combined value can be extracted into any type that implements Deserialize. Additionally, values can be nested in profiles, and a profile can be selected via Figment::select() for extraction; the profile to be extracted can be retrieved with Figment::profile() and defaults to Profile::Default. The top-level docs contain a broad overview of these topics.

Conflict Resolution

Conflicts arising from two providers providing values for the same key are resolved via one of four strategies: join, adjoin, merge, and admerge. In general, join and adjoin prefer existing values while merge and admerge prefer later values. The ad- strategies additionally concatenate conflicting arrays whereas the non-ad- strategies treat arrays as non-composite values.

The table below summarizes these strategies and their behavior, with the column label referring to the type of the value pointed to by the conflicting keys:

Strategy	Dictionaries	Arrays	All Others
join	Union, Recurse	Keep Existing	Keep Existing
adjoin	Union, Recurse	Concatenate	Keep Existing
merge	Union, Recurse	Use Incoming	Use Incoming
admerge	Union, Recurse	Concatenate	Use Incoming

Description

If both keys point to a dictionary, the dictionaries are always unioned, irrespective of the strategy, and conflict resolution proceeds recursively with each key in the union.

If both keys point to an array:

• join uses the existing value
• merge uses the incoming value
• adjoin and admerge concatenate the arrays

If both keys point to a non-composite (String, Num, etc.) or values of different kinds (i.e, array and num):

• join and adjoin use the existing value
• merge and admerge use the incoming value

For examples, refer to each strategy’s documentation.

Extraction

The configuration or a subset thereof can be extracted from a Figment in one of several ways:

• Figment::extract(), which extracts the complete value into any T: Deserialize.
• Figment::extract_inner(), which extracts a subset of the value for a given key path.
• Figment::find_value(), which returns the raw, serialized Value for a given key path.

A “key path” is a string of the form a.b.c (e.g, item, item.fruits, etc.) where each component delimited by a . is a key for the dictionary of the preceding key in the path, or the root dictionary if it is the first key in the path. See Value::find() for examples.

Metadata

Every value collected by a Figment is accompanied by the metadata produced by the value’s provider. Additionally, Metadata::provide_location is set by from, merge and join to the caller’s location. Metadata can be retrieved in one of several ways:

• Figment::metadata(), which returns an iterator over all of the metadata for all values.
• Figment::find_metadata(), which returns the metadata for a value at a given key path.
• Figment::get_metadata(), which returns the metadata for a given Tag, itself retrieved via Tagged or Value::tag().

Implementations

impl Figment

pub fn new() -> Self

Creates a new Figment with the default profile selected and no providers.

use figment::Figment;

let figment = Figment::new();
assert_eq!(figment.metadata().count(), 0);

pub fn from<T: Provider>(provider: T) -> Self

Creates a new Figment with the default profile selected and an initial provider.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::providers::Env;

let figment = Figment::from(Env::raw());
assert_eq!(figment.metadata().count(), 1);

pub fn join<T: Provider>(self, provider: T) -> Self

Joins provider into the current figment. See conflict resolution for details.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::util::map;
use figment::value::{Dict, Map};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "original"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 1"]))
    .join(("map", map!["string" => "inner original"]));

let new_figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "replaced"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 2"]))
    .join(("map", map!["string" => "inner replaced", "new" => "value"]))
    .join(("new", "value"));

let figment = figment.join(new_figment); // **join**

let string: String = figment.extract_inner("string").unwrap();
assert_eq!(string, "original"); // existing value retained

let vec: Vec<String> = figment.extract_inner("vec").unwrap();
assert_eq!(vec, vec!["item 1"]); // existing value retained

let map: Map<String, String> = figment.extract_inner("map").unwrap();
assert_eq!(map, map! {
    "string".into() => "inner original".into(), // existing value retained
    "new".into() => "value".into(), // new key added
});

let new: String = figment.extract_inner("new").unwrap();
assert_eq!(new, "value"); // new key added

pub fn adjoin<T: Provider>(self, provider: T) -> Self

Joins provider into the current figment while concatenating vectors. See conflict resolution for details.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::util::map;
use figment::value::{Dict, Map};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "original"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 1"]))
    .join(("map", map!["vec" => vec!["inner item 1"]]));

let new_figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "replaced"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 2"]))
    .join(("map", map!["vec" => vec!["inner item 2"], "new" => vec!["value"]]))
    .join(("new", "value"));

let figment = figment.adjoin(new_figment); // **adjoin**

let string: String = figment.extract_inner("string").unwrap();
assert_eq!(string, "original"); // existing value retained

let vec: Vec<String> = figment.extract_inner("vec").unwrap();
assert_eq!(vec, vec!["item 1", "item 2"]); // arrays concatenated

let map: Map<String, Vec<String>> = figment.extract_inner("map").unwrap();
assert_eq!(map, map! {
    "vec".into() => vec!["inner item 1".into(), "inner item 2".into()], // arrays concatenated
    "new".into() => vec!["value".into()], // new key added
});

let new: String = figment.extract_inner("new").unwrap();
assert_eq!(new, "value"); // new key added

pub fn merge<T: Provider>(self, provider: T) -> Self

Merges provider into the current figment. See conflict resolution for details.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::util::map;
use figment::value::{Dict, Map};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "original"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 1"]))
    .join(("map", map!["string" => "inner original"]));

let new_figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "replaced"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 2"]))
    .join(("map", map!["string" => "inner replaced", "new" => "value"]))
    .join(("new", "value"));

let figment = figment.merge(new_figment); // **merge**

let string: String = figment.extract_inner("string").unwrap();
assert_eq!(string, "replaced"); // incoming value replaced existing

let vec: Vec<String> = figment.extract_inner("vec").unwrap();
assert_eq!(vec, vec!["item 2"]); // incoming value replaced existing

let map: Map<String, String> = figment.extract_inner("map").unwrap();
assert_eq!(map, map! {
    "string".into() => "inner replaced".into(), // incoming value replaced existing
    "new".into() => "value".into(), // new key added
});

let new: String = figment.extract_inner("new").unwrap();
assert_eq!(new, "value"); // new key added

pub fn admerge<T: Provider>(self, provider: T) -> Self

Merges provider into the current figment while concatenating vectors. See conflict resolution for details.

use figment::Figment;
use figment::util::map;
use figment::value::{Dict, Map};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "original"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 1"]))
    .join(("map", map!["vec" => vec!["inner item 1"]]));

let new_figment = Figment::new()
    .join(("string", "replaced"))
    .join(("vec", vec!["item 2"]))
    .join(("map", map!["vec" => vec!["inner item 2"], "new" => vec!["value"]]))
    .join(("new", "value"));

let figment = figment.admerge(new_figment); // **admerge**

let string: String = figment.extract_inner("string").unwrap();
assert_eq!(string, "replaced"); // incoming value replaced existing

let vec: Vec<String> = figment.extract_inner("vec").unwrap();
assert_eq!(vec, vec!["item 1", "item 2"]); // arrays concatenated

let map: Map<String, Vec<String>> = figment.extract_inner("map").unwrap();
assert_eq!(map, map! {
    "vec".into() => vec!["inner item 1".into(), "inner item 2".into()], // arrays concatenated
    "new".into() => vec!["value".into()], // new key added
});

let new: String = figment.extract_inner("new").unwrap();
assert_eq!(new, "value"); // new key added

pub fn select<P: Into<Profile>>(self, profile: P) -> Self

Sets the profile to extract from to profile.

Example

use figment::Figment;

let figment = Figment::new().select("staging");
assert_eq!(figment.profile(), "staging");

pub fn focus(&self, key: &str) -> Self

Returns a new Figment containing only the sub-dictionaries at key.

This “sub-figment” is a focusing of self with the property that:

• self.find(key + ".sub") <=> focused.find("sub")

In other words, all values in self with a key starting with key are in focused without the prefix and vice-versa.

Example

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        cat = [1, 2, 3]
        dog = [4, 5, 6]

        [subtree]
        cat = "meow"
        dog = "woof!"

        [subtree.bark]
        dog = true
        cat = false
    "#)?;

    let root = Figment::from(Toml::file("Config.toml"));
    assert_eq!(root.extract_inner::<Vec<u8>>("cat").unwrap(), vec![1, 2, 3]);
    assert_eq!(root.extract_inner::<Vec<u8>>("dog").unwrap(), vec![4, 5, 6]);
    assert_eq!(root.extract_inner::<String>("subtree.cat").unwrap(), "meow");
    assert_eq!(root.extract_inner::<String>("subtree.dog").unwrap(), "woof!");

    let subtree = root.focus("subtree");
    assert_eq!(subtree.extract_inner::<String>("cat").unwrap(), "meow");
    assert_eq!(subtree.extract_inner::<String>("dog").unwrap(), "woof!");
    assert_eq!(subtree.extract_inner::<bool>("bark.cat").unwrap(), false);
    assert_eq!(subtree.extract_inner::<bool>("bark.dog").unwrap(), true);

    let bark = subtree.focus("bark");
    assert_eq!(bark.extract_inner::<bool>("cat").unwrap(), false);
    assert_eq!(bark.extract_inner::<bool>("dog").unwrap(), true);

    let not_a_dict = root.focus("cat");
    assert!(not_a_dict.extract_inner::<bool>("cat").is_err());
    assert!(not_a_dict.extract_inner::<bool>("dog").is_err());

    Ok(())
});

pub fn extract<'a, T: Deserialize<'a>>(&self) -> Result<T>

Deserializes the collected value into T.

Example

use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Deserialize)]
struct Config {
    name: String,
    numbers: Option<Vec<usize>>,
    debug: bool,
}

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        name = "test"
        numbers = [1, 2, 3, 10]
    "#)?;

    jail.set_env("config_name", "env-test");

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"
        {
            "name": "json-test",
            "debug": true
        }
    "#)?;

    let config: Config = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .merge(Env::prefixed("CONFIG_"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"))
        .extract()?;

    assert_eq!(config, Config {
        name: "env-test".into(),
        numbers: vec![1, 2, 3, 10].into(),
        debug: true
    });

    Ok(())
});

pub fn extract_lossy<'a, T: Deserialize<'a>>(&self) -> Result<T>

As extract, but interpret numbers and booleans more flexibly.

See Value::to_bool_lossy and Value::to_num_lossy for a full explanation of the imputs accepted.

Example

use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Deserialize)]
struct Config {
    name: String,
    numbers: Option<Vec<usize>>,
    debug: bool,
}

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        name = "test"
        numbers = ["1", "2", "3", "10"]
    "#)?;

    jail.set_env("config_name", "env-test");

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"
        {
            "name": "json-test",
            "debug": "yes"
        }
    "#)?;

    let config: Config = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .merge(Env::prefixed("CONFIG_"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"))
        .extract_lossy()?;

    assert_eq!(config, Config {
        name: "env-test".into(),
        numbers: vec![1, 2, 3, 10].into(),
        debug: true
    });

    Ok(())
});

pub fn extract_inner<'a, T: Deserialize<'a>>(&self, path: &str) -> Result<T>

Deserializes the value at the key path in the collected value into T.

Example

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        numbers = [1, 2, 3, 10]
    "#)?;

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"{ "debug": true } "#)?;

    let numbers: Vec<usize> = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"))
        .extract_inner("numbers")?;

    assert_eq!(numbers, vec![1, 2, 3, 10]);

    Ok(())
});

pub fn extract_inner_lossy<'a, T: Deserialize<'a>>( &self, path: &str, ) -> Result<T>

As extract, but interpret numbers and booleans more flexibly.

See Value::to_bool_lossy and Value::to_num_lossy for a full explanation of the imputs accepted.

Example

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        numbers = ["1", "2", "3", "10"]
    "#)?;

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"{ "debug": true } "#)?;

    let numbers: Vec<usize> = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"))
        .extract_inner_lossy("numbers")?;

    assert_eq!(numbers, vec![1, 2, 3, 10]);

    Ok(())
});

pub fn metadata(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Metadata>

Returns an iterator over the metadata for all of the collected values in the order in which they were added to self.

Example

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json}};

let figment = Figment::new()
    .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
    .join(Json::file("Config.json"));

assert_eq!(figment.metadata().count(), 2);
for (i, md) in figment.metadata().enumerate() {
    match i {
        0 => assert!(md.name.starts_with("TOML")),
        1 => assert!(md.name.starts_with("JSON")),
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

pub fn profile(&self) -> &Profile

Returns the selected profile.

Example

use figment::Figment;

let figment = Figment::new();
assert_eq!(figment.profile(), "default");

let figment = figment.select("staging");
assert_eq!(figment.profile(), "staging");

pub fn profiles(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Profile>

Returns an iterator over profiles with valid configurations in this figment. Note: this may not include the selected profile if the selected profile has no configured values.

Example

use figment::{Figment, providers::Serialized};

let figment = Figment::new();
let profiles = figment.profiles().collect::<Vec<_>>();
assert_eq!(profiles.len(), 0);

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hi"))
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hey").profile("debug"));

let mut profiles = figment.profiles().collect::<Vec<_>>();
profiles.sort();
assert_eq!(profiles, &["debug", "default"]);

let figment = Figment::new()
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hi").profile("release"))
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hi").profile("testing"))
    .join(Serialized::default("key", "hey").profile("staging"))
    .select("debug");

let mut profiles = figment.profiles().collect::<Vec<_>>();
profiles.sort();
assert_eq!(profiles, &["release", "staging", "testing"]);

pub fn find_value(&self, path: &str) -> Result<Value>

Finds the value at path in the combined value.

If there is an error evaluating the combined figment, that error is returned. Otherwise if there is a value at path, returns Ok(value), and if there is no value at path, returns Err of kind MissingField.

See Value::find() for details on the syntax for path.

Example

use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        name = "test"

        [package]
        name = "my-package"
    "#)?;

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"
        {
            "author": { "name": "Bob" }
        }
    "#)?;

    let figment = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"));

    let name = figment.find_value("name")?;
    assert_eq!(name.as_str(), Some("test"));

    let package_name = figment.find_value("package.name")?;
    assert_eq!(package_name.as_str(), Some("my-package"));

    let author_name = figment.find_value("author.name")?;
    assert_eq!(author_name.as_str(), Some("Bob"));

    Ok(())
});

pub fn contains(&self, path: &str) -> bool

Returns true if the combined figment evaluates successfully and contains a value at path.

See Value::find() for details on the syntax for path.

Example

use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#"
        name = "test"

        [package]
        name = "my-package"
    "#)?;

    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#"
        {
            "author": { "name": "Bob" }
        }
    "#)?;

    let figment = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"));

    assert!(figment.contains("name"));
    assert!(figment.contains("package"));
    assert!(figment.contains("package.name"));
    assert!(figment.contains("author"));
    assert!(figment.contains("author.name"));
    assert!(!figment.contains("author.title"));
    Ok(())
});

pub fn find_metadata(&self, key: &str) -> Option<&Metadata>

Finds the metadata for the value at key path. See Value::find() for details on the syntax for key.

Example

use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#" name = "test" "#)?;
    jail.set_env("CONF_AUTHOR", "Bob");

    let figment = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Env::prefixed("CONF_").only(&["author"]));

    let name_md = figment.find_metadata("name").unwrap();
    assert!(name_md.name.starts_with("TOML"));

    let author_md = figment.find_metadata("author").unwrap();
    assert!(author_md.name.contains("CONF_"));
    assert!(author_md.name.contains("environment"));

    Ok(())
});

pub fn get_metadata(&self, tag: Tag) -> Option<&Metadata>

Returns the metadata with the given tag if this figment contains a value with said metadata.

Example

use serde::Deserialize;

use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml, Json, Env}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Config.toml", r#" name = "test" "#)?;
    jail.create_file("Config.json", r#" { "author": "Bob" } "#)?;

    let figment = Figment::new()
        .merge(Toml::file("Config.toml"))
        .join(Json::file("Config.json"));

    let name = figment.find_value("name").unwrap();
    let metadata = figment.get_metadata(name.tag()).unwrap();
    assert!(metadata.name.starts_with("TOML"));

    let author = figment.find_value("author").unwrap();
    let metadata = figment.get_metadata(author.tag()).unwrap();
    assert!(metadata.name.starts_with("JSON"));

    Ok(())
});

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Figment

fn clone(&self) -> Figment

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Figment

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for Figment

fn default() -> Self

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl Provider for Figment

fn metadata(&self) -> Metadata

Returns the Metadata for this provider, identifying itself and its configuration sources.

fn data(&self) -> Result<Map<Profile, Dict>>

Returns the configuration data.

fn profile(&self) -> Option<Profile>

Optionally returns a profile to set on the Figment this provider is merged into. The profile is only set if self is merged.